American art movement (1940s-1950s) stressing spontaneous, nonrepresentational creation
Ec[000000]f[16]LBAcademyB
originally, the garden where Plato taught; beginning in the 16th century, art academies were established to provide practical and theoretical training for artists
Ec[000000]f[16]LBAdler and SullivanB
the famous Chicago architects who designed the Auditorium and many other steel-framed buildings in the 1880s and 1890s
Ec[000000]f[16]LBAlexandre Gustave EiffelB
a French engineer who made his reputation as a builder of bridges, but is best remembered as the builder of the Eiffel Tower in Paris in 1889
Ec[000000]f[16]LBAlfred SisleyB
an Impressionist who placed individual flecks of pure color next to each other in his paintings
Ec[000000]f[16]LBAntonio GaudiB
a late nineteenth-century Spanish architect and sculptor credited with creating the artistic forms that became the basis of Art Nouveau
Ec[000000]f[16]LBArt DecoB
highly decorative art forms (1920s-1930s) that utilized streamlined geometric forms inspired by industrial design
Ec[000000]f[16]LBArt Deco architectureB
nonfunctional geometric design (1920-1940) influenced by Egyptian art
Ec[000000]f[16]LBArt NouveauB
an art style (1895-1905) characterized by motifs of highly stylized flowing plants, curving lines and fluent forms
Ec[000000]f[16]LBArt Nouveau architectureB
an architectural style (1880-1920) exemplified by long flowing lines and asymmetrical design
Ec[000000]f[16]LBAuditoriumB
one of the buildings constructed in Chicago in the 1880s using steel girders
Ec[000000]f[16]LBBaroqueB
an art style originating in Italy (1580-1720) that featured grand theatrical effects and elaborate ornamentation
Ec[000000]f[16]LBBaroque architectureB
an ornate architectural style (1600-1770), often described as Rococo, with elaborate carvings and decorations using gilt, plaster, and paint in flowing curves and designs
Ec[000000]f[16]LBBeaux ArtB
an architectural style (1890-1920) that used formal and classical techniques inspired by the great European academies
Ec[000000]f[16]LBBibliotheque nationaleB
the national library of France; located in Paris, it is one of several innovative buildings designed by the French architect Labrouste; built from 1854 to1875, it displays a neoclassical exterior
Ec[000000]f[16]LBBrighton PavilionB
an early nineteenth-century building whose classical exterior concealed a functional interior
Ec[000000]f[16]LBByzantine architectureB
an architectural style (330-1250) characterized by the use of domes and plaster added to exterior surfaces
Ec[000000]f[16]LBCasa MilaB
a building in Barcelona, designed by the Spanish architect Antonio Gaudi, that exemplifies the Art Nouveau style of architecture
Ec[000000]f[16]LBCharles DarwinB
a nineteenth-century British naturalist whose scientific investigations led him to formulate the theory of evolution
Ec[000000]f[16]LBCharles DickensB
a nineteenth-century novelist who was considered one of the greatest writers of his time; his work described contemporary life in England
Ec[000000]f[16]LBClassicismB
the artistic style and spirit of Ancient Greece and Rome
Ec[000000]f[16]LBClaude DebussyB
a nineteenth-century French composer whose music suggested fleeting moods and emotions
Ec[000000]f[16]LBClaude MonetB
the prolific nineteenth-century painter who was the leading member of the Impressionists
Ec[000000]f[16]LBCrystal PalaceB
an iron and glass building of innovative design constructed in England in 1851 to house the first World's Fair
Ec[000000]f[16]LBCubismB
a modern artistic movement (1907-1915) led by Picasso and Braque that depicted, in a departure from representational art, geometric forms in nature
Ec[000000]f[16]LBDadaB
international anti-art movement that produced absurd and nonsensical works reflecting the cynicism of the post-World War I era
Ec[000000]f[16]LBdaguerreotypeB
an early photograph made using Daguerre's process
Ec[000000]f[16]LBDewey decimal systemB
a widely used system of classification, developed at Amherst Collage in 1873, that catalogs all knowledge under ten divisions
Ec[000000]f[16]LBEdouard ManetB
an innovative and creative nineteenth-century painter who was noted for his brilliant technique; he painted with great immediacy directly from his models
Ec[000000]f[16]LBEdvard MunchB
a late nineteenth-century Norwegian painter whose artistic style reflected the sinuous curves of Art Nouveau
Ec[000000]f[16]LBEiffel TowerB
the tower constructed by Alexandre Gustave Eiffel to commemorate the Paris exposition of 1889
Ec[000000]f[16]LBElevatedB
an urban, public railway system operating on tracks erected over the streets; iron or steel girders support the tracks
Ec[000000]f[16]LBEugene BoudinB
a nineteenth-century French painter who tried to record his impression of a subject as rapidly as possible
Ec[000000]f[16]LBExpressionismB
a twentieth-century artistic movement in which the subjective feelings of the artist took precedence over the rational and objective depiction of the subject matter
Ec[000000]f[16]LBFauvismB
an artistic movement in the early twentieth century characterized by strident color, distortions, and bold brushwork
Ec[000000]f[16]LBfin-de-siecleB
a French phrase, meaning "end of an age," used to define the last years of the nineteenth century
Ec[000000]f[16]LBFlat Iron buildingB
an early steel-framed skyscraper-- now an historic building-- built in New York City in the 1880s
Ec[000000]f[16]LBFolies BergereB
a Parisian music hall that produced advertising posters in the Art Nouveau style in the late nineteenth century
Ec[000000]f[16]LBFormalistB
the school of Post-Impressionist painters, represented by Seurat and Cezanne, who artistically were concerned with structure
Ec[000000]f[16]LBFrancisco de GoyaB
a Spaniard who became court painter of King Charles III in 1789; Goya's concern for humanity grew increasingly; his works of art disclosed his sense of despair and provided biting social commentaries; his work significantly influenced many nineteenth century artists
Ec[000000]f[16]LBFunctionalismB
an architectural philosophy of design (late nineteenth century) that emphasized the practicality and utility of a building; the functionalism of the engineer began to replace the historical styles copied by the architect
Ec[000000]f[16]LBFuturismB
an Italian artistic movement (1910) that stressed motion and sought to glorify the age of the machine through the painting and sculpting of multiple moving parts
Ec[000000]f[16]LBGage BuildingB
one of the early steel-framed skyscrapers built in Chicago
Ec[000000]f[16]LBGeorges BraqueB
a twentieth-century painter who, with Picasso, developed a new approach to painting that became Cubism
Ec[000000]f[16]LBGeorges SeuratB
one of the great Post-Impressionist artists who developed the painting technique called pointillism, in which the color of light is broken down into dots
Ec[000000]f[16]LBGothicB
architectural style (1140-1560) featuring high naves with flying buttresses (bridges of stone) and large windows sectioned by stonework into many small panes
Ec[000000]f[16]LBGreat Exhibition of the Works of IndustryB
the name given to the first World's Fair, held in London in 1851 in the innovative Crystal Palace designed by Joseph Paxton
Ec[000000]f[16]LBGreek architectureB
An architectural style characterized by marble construction and Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian columns. 750-720 B.C.
Ec[000000]f[16]LBGuaranty buildingB
a steel-framed skyscraper built in in Buffalo, New York in 1895 by architect Louis Sullivan
Ec[000000]f[16]LBGuell ParkB
a park outside of Barcelona, Spain; the park benches and street lights are examples of Antonio Gaudi's Art Nouveau style
Ec[000000]f[16]LBGustave CourbetB
a nineteenth-century French painter recognized for his use of chiaroscuro and his vivid, unconventional, and dramatically exciting artistic style
Ec[000000]f[16]LBIHarper'sBI
an American magazine that, during the late nineteenth century, used illustrations and covers reflecting the Art Nouveau style
Ec[000000]f[16]LBHenri LabrousteB
a nineteenth-century French architect who designed the Biblioteque Nationale (National Library) with a traditional neoclassic exterior and a functional interior
Ec[000000]f[16]LBHenri MatisseB
the principal artist of Fauvism, noted for his still lifes; he was strongly influenced by Impressionism
Ec[000000]f[16]LBHenry JamesB
a nineteenth-century American novelist; some of his writings are described as psychological realism
Ec[000000]f[16]LBIgor StravinskyB
a twentieth-century Russian composer whose music interweaves various rhythms within different sections of the orchestra
Ec[000000]f[16]LBImpressionismB
late-nineteenth-century French school of painting that emphasized the artist's visual impression of light and color in nature at a given moment
Ec[000000]f[16]LBIndustrial Age architectureB
an architectural period (1800-1915) marked by the utilitarian construction of factories, apartment houses, stores, and railroad stations using durable materials such as steel, iron, cement, and wrought iron
Ec[000000]f[16]LBIndustrial RevolutionB
a historical period (1750-1850) that saw industry become the predominant force in economic and social life
Ec[000000]f[16]LBiron girdersB
construction material of the nineteenth century; iron girders evolved from technologies developed during the Industrial Revolution; iron girders enabled engineers to build such structures as the Eiffel Tower
Ec[000000]f[16]LBJames EnsorB
a Belgian painter of the late nineteenth century whose themes, like those of Edvard Munch, expressed a deep-seated fear of the present and future
Ec[000000]f[16]LBJean-Auguste-Dominique IngresB
a nineteenth-century French painter noted primarily for his portraits
Ec[000000]f[16]LBJean-Baptiste-Simeon ChardinB
the finest eighteenth-century French painter of still life; his works are noted for their solid color and depth of tone
Ec[000000]f[16]LBJoseph PaxtonB
an English architect who designed the Crystal Palace
Ec[000000]f[16]LBKaren HorneyB
a German psychiatrist who came to the United States in 1932 and was associate director of the Chicago Institute of Psychoanalysis
Ec[000000]f[16]LBKarl MarxB
nineteenth-century German economist and philosopher; regarded as the founder and premier theorist of modern socialism and international communism
Ec[000000]f[16]LBlithographsB
multiple prints produced from a smooth-surfaced stone on which the design is drawn using a special ink or crayon
Ec[000000]f[16]LBLouis Jaques DaguerreB
the inventor of the daguerreotype (1839), a type of photograph
Ec[000000]f[16]LBLouis SullivanB
an American architect who pioneered modern skyscraper construction; he also developed the use of ornamental forms in architecture, as exemplified in the feather ornamentation of the Auditorium building in Chicago
Ec[000000]f[16]LBmaterial progressB
exemplified by vastly improved construction techniques for buildings and bridges in the late nineteenth century; material progress was made possible by advances in engineering and technology
Ec[000000]f[16]LBmodern architectureB
an era (1920-present) in which new technologies continue to create new design needs; low, steel-constructed buildings with glass walls covering large areas were in vogue at the beginning of this era
Ec[000000]f[16]LBnationalismB
a political or social movement in which an individual's primary loyalty is given to the state; nationalism played a major role in late eighteenth and nineteenth-century Europe
Ec[000000]f[16]LBneoclassicismB
an artistic movement (1790-1830) that rejected Rococo in favor of a return to classical styles and motifs
Ec[000000]f[16]LBNicolas PoussinB
the greatest of the French seventeenth century classical painters; he made many experiments with color and form in his early years as an artist
Ec[000000]f[16]LBOliver TwistB
an English novel written by Charles Dickens (1838) that deals realistically with the criminal class and attacks the social injustices of that time
Ec[000000]f[16]LBOp ArtB
a nonobjective art based on optical illusions; these optical illusions are created by geometric forms whose colors the eye must blend from a distance
Ec[000000]f[16]LBPablo PicassoB
a twentieth century painter who, along with Braque, developed what is called analytical Cubism
Ec[000000]f[16]LBPaul CezanneB
one of the greatest of the Post-Impressionist painters; he is sometimes referred to as a Formalist because of his concern with structure
Ec[000000]f[16]LBPaul GauguinB
one of the most famous Post-Impressionist painters who, along with Van Gogh, was known as an Expressionist because he tried to capture his feelings on canvas
Ec[000000]f[16]LBPaul SignacB
a French Neoimpressionist painter who used individual flecks of color
Ec[000000]f[16]LBPierre Auguste RenoirB
a prolific nineteenth century French Impressionist painter noted for his elegant and graceful style
Ec[000000]f[16]LBpointillismB
a painting technique developed by Seurat in which the color of light is broken down
Ec[000000]f[16]LBPop ArtB
a primarily American art movement (1960s) derived both from popular culture and commercial art; representational works, such as soup cans and comics, were culled from everyday life
Ec[000000]f[16]LBpsychoanalysisB
a psychological method developed by Sigmund Freud that seeks in the unconscious mind the basis for human behavior and motivation
Ec[000000]f[16]LBradioB
a method of sending wireless messages through space developed in 1895 by Guglielmo Marconi
Ec[000000]f[16]LBRaphaelB
the youngest of the three great artists of the High Renaissance (including Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo) in the early sixteenth century
Ec[000000]f[16]LBRealismB
an artistic movement in the mid-nineteenth century that regarded the commonplace as suitable subject matter
Ec[000000]f[16]LBRembrandt van RijnB
a seventeenth century Dutch painter whose early work shows his great interest in light; he later became a portrait painter in Amsterdam
Ec[000000]f[16]LBRenaissance architectureB
the revival and adaptation (1420-1650) of ancient Greek and Roman architecture; architectural designs included domes and rectangular columns that frequently were embedded in walls
Ec[000000]f[16]LBRococoB
a European decorative art style (1730-1780) that displayed a love of elegance and gaiety; this style is exemplified by the asymmetrical ornamentation of paneling, porcelain, and jewelry
Ec[000000]f[16]LBRoman architectureB
an architectural style (100 B.C.-370 A.D.) utilized in the Roman Empire; the Romans constructed buildings with arches
Ec[000000]f[16]LBRomanesque
Ban architectural style (850-1250) featuring stone vaults and arches, thick walls, and massive pillars
Ec[000000]f[16]LBRomanticismB
a nineteenth century artistic movement that emphasized the importance of fantasy and imagination
Ec[000000]f[16]LBSalon-des-RefusesB
an exhibition formed in the 1860s by Edouard Manet and his fellow artists to show paintings rejected by the official academy of art
Ec[000000]f[16]LBSigmund FreudB
Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis; he pioneered the use of free association in the treatment of psychological problems
Ec[000000]f[16]LBSir Joshua ReynoldsB
historically the most important figure in British painting, he was one of the greatest portrait painters of the second half of the eighteenth century; his subjects included many notable men and women
Ec[000000]f[16]LBskyscraperB
the name given to multi-storied steel-framed buildings erected in the 1880s and 1890s; first developed in Chicago, this technology was made feasible by the development of iron and steel girders and beams
Ec[000000]f[16]LBsteelB
a stronger alloy of iron; after the production of steel was perfected in the 1870s, it became the primary building material for skyscrapers, bridges, machinery, and ships
Ec[000000]f[16]LBSurrealismB
an artistic movement that sought to reveal the psychological reality behind appearances
Ec[000000]f[16]LBThomas EakinsB
a nineteenth-century American painter, primarily of portraits, who was influenced by Manet
Ec[000000]f[16]LBVictoria StationB
a London railroad station exemplifying the architecture of the Industrial Age
Ec[000000]f[16]LBVincent Van GoghB
one of the most important painters of Post-Impressionism; he sometimes is referred to as an Expressionist because he sought to capture in his paintings the subjective reality of his emotions
Ec[000000]f[16]LBWinslow HomerB
along with Thomas Eakins, one of the most influential American painters of the late nineteenth century; his Impressionist-like style revolutionized American art in the 1880s and 1890s
